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Essay on The Picture Of Dorian Gray By Oscar Wilde (1856 - 1900)
| Date: |
04-22-05 11:29pm |
| Subject: |
Novels |
| Word Count: |
1572 |
| Page Count: |
6.29 |
The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde (1856 - 1900)
The Picture of Dorian
Gray
by Oscar Wilde (1856
- 1900)
Type of Work:
Fantasy novel
Setting
London, England; late nineteenth century
Principal Characters
Dorian Gray, an extremely handsome young
man
Basil Hallward, Dorian's older friend,
a portrait artist
Lord Henry Wotton, Dorian's vile tempter
Sibyl Vane, Dorian's actress-lover
James Vane, Sibyl's brother
Story Overveiw
As Basil Hallward artfully put the finishing
touches on his full-length portrait of an extraordiiiarily beautiful young
man, Lord Henr Wotton paid him a call. Lord Henry mucn admired the painting
and desired to meet the subject. The artist objected, knowing the poisonous
influence of which Lord Henry was capable; young Dorian Gray was his ideal
of purity and had inspired Basil to the most expressive art of his life.
Just then, in walked Dorian Gray. Against
Hallward's wishes, the two met, and Dorian was immediately taken by Lord
Henry's fascinating words, presence and wittiness. Henry flattered Dorian
with his comments on the virtues of beauty, the charms of youth, and expressed
his sadness at the thought that such youth should fade into the ugliness
of age. This caused Dorian to plummet into melancholy.
Seeing his portrait for the first time,
Dorian gasped at his own beauty. He lamented that the picture would mock
him his entire life; age would indeed steal his color and grace: "I know,
now, that when one loses one's good looks, whatever they may be, one loses
everything ... Lord Henry Wotton is perfectly right. Youth is the only
thing worth having. When I find that I am growing old, I shall kill myself."
Then he wished instead that the picture might grow old while he remained
forever young: "I would give everything. I would give my soul for that!"
Alarmed by these passions in the young man, Hallward attempted to destroy
the painting, but Dorian stopped him and had it taken home that very evening.
After that first meeting, Dorian and Lord
Henry became fast friends and frequent partners at local theatres. Henry
presented Dorian with a gift - a book about a young man's passions, sins
and vileness. Dorian became captivated by its plot. For years he leafed
through its pages - anct the book became an entrenched, tragic guide in
the life of Dorian Gray.
Dorian met and fell madly in love with
Sibyl Vane, a beautiful and talented actress who was portraying Juliet
in a cheap theatrical troupe. But the night Dorian invited Lord fienry
and Basil Hallward to meet his new love, her performance was lifeless.
She was hissed and booed by even the uneducated audience. Afterward, she
joyfully explained to the disappointed Dorian that her love for her "Prince
Charming," - as she knew him - had transformed her from a mere actress
into a real woman. Dorian coldly shunned her, admitting that his love for
her had been killed, and vowed that he would see her no more.
On returning home, he was surprised to
notice that the face in his painting had changed. A touch of cruelty now
lined the mouth. His wish that the painting might be seared with suffering
and guilt while his own face was left untarnished, had been granted!
But now he pitied the portrait and resolved
to live a pure life. He would return to Sibyl and marry her. He would see
no more of the selfish Lord Henry. Dorian wrote Sibyl a passionate letter
and fell asleep, confident that he would make amends to Sybil the following
day.
However, that next morning Lord Henry brought
bad news: in grief, Sibyl had killed herself during the night. Lord Henry
charmed the devastated youth, urging him to imagine the tragedy as a drama,
with Juliet or Ophelia the victims, not the flesh-and-blood Sibyl.
No, she will never come to life. She has
played her last part ... To you at least she was always a dream, a phantom
that flitted through Shakespeare's plays ... But don't waste your tears
over Sibyl Vatic. She was less real than they are.
Now Dorian forgot his good resolutions.
If fate would deal unjustly with him, he, in turn, determined to give himself
up to a life of pleasure and let the portrait bear the burden of his corrupting
soul. Eternal youth, wild joys, infinite passion would be his.
Horrified at Dorian's lack of remorse and
feeling, Basil Hallward tried to reason with him. But Dorian was unmoved.
He continued to guard the secret of the portrait from Basil, first covering
it a with a sheet, and later moving it to an upstairs room, unopened since
his grandfather had died mere five years earlier. Separated by this chasm
of secrecy and scorn that Dorian had created, the two could no longer be
friends.
For years Dorian lived in cruel joy; yet
he kept the look of one unspotted by the world. He derived pleasure from
comparing his own virtuous face with the gruesome one appearing on the
canvas. Dorian consorted both with the town's thieves and its social elite.
He collected jewels, fine clothing and art. And when he would appear on
the street, "men would whisper to each other in corners, or pass him with
a sneer, or look at him with cold searching eyes, as though they were determined
to discover his secret."
At age thirty-eight Dorian was again visited
by his old friend Basil Hallward. It was on the eve of Hallward's departure
for an extended stay in Paris. He came in hopes of persuading Dorian to
finally change his ways, hardly believing the rumors concerning the young
man's evil deeds.
By this time, Dorian had become totally
corrupt, as vile and ugly as the figure in the portrait.
Through some strange quickening of inner
life, the leprosies of sin were slowly eating the thing away. The rotting
corpse in a watery grave was not so fearful.
One day, in spite, Dorian invited the elderly
Hallward up to the room to see his filthy soul, face-to-face. As he drew
back the curtain from the portrait, Hallward stood aghast at the hideous
figure on the canvas; yes, there was his own signature, that onetimc stood
out beneath the portrait of a handsome young lad. Basil immediately begged
Dorian to pray and repent. Instead, Dorian seized a knife and plunged it
again and again into the painter's neck and back. Then, relocking the door,
he left the slumping figure in the room, feeling sure that Basil would
not be missed for months. After all, no one knew he had come to the house,
and he was expected to be in Paris from that night forward.
A few days later, Dorian coerced a former
acquaintance, a chemist, Alan Campbell, to destroy Basil's body using chemicals
and fire. He threatened to expose a past crime Campbell had committed if
he refused. That night red blood stained the hands of the loathsome image
on the portrait.
Late one evening, as Dorian was leaving
an opium den, a drunken woman called him "Prince Charming." A sailor standing
nearby turned out to be Sibyl Vane's brother, James. Overhearing this familiar
nickname, James seized Dorian with the intent to kill him and avenge his
sister's death. But Dorian's youthful appearance and smooth tongue saved
him; when the crime had occurred Dorian could have been no more than a
mere infant. When James returned to the den however, the woman swore before
God that Dorian was indeed the ruinous Prince Charming. After destroying
her life too, he had once boasted that he had sold his soul to the Devil
years earlier in exchange for a beautiful face; and he had not changed
in appearance since then.
For months Dorian imagined himself being
hunted - tracked down by a vengeful sailor. His mask of youth had saved
his life, but not his conscience.
Then, during a huiit at Dorian's country
home, an unknown man in sailor's garb was accidentally killed. Dorian rushed
to where the body was taken and there discovered James Vaiie, dead. At
last, they were all dead: Sibyl; Alan Campbell - a mysterious suicide victim;
and Basil Hallward, though, lately, people were inquiring about his strange
disappearance. Onlv Dorian knew the truth. But now he would wefcome death
for himself; his only terror lay ill the waiting.
In his final, poignant visit with Lord
Henry, Dorian admitted that, despite his unchanged features, he no longer
thought himself handsome - his zest for life was shattered. "What does
it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul?" Lord
Henry righteously quoted. Dorian begged Henry never to be the devil's advocate
again, never again to poison another soul with his book or his evil thoughts.
Disheartened, alone, and longing to be
at peace with himself, Dorian contemplated his situation. Should he confess
and atone for his evils? No, the only evidence against him was that horrid,
hidden pictorial record of his debauchery. "A new life! That is what he
wanted."
Resolving to kill that "monstrous soul-life"
in the portrait, Dorian hurried upstairs, seized the same knife he had
used on poor Basil, and stabbed the picture. A horrible cry brought the
house servants creeping up to the barred room. Finally gaining entrance,
they found upon tile wall the splendid portrait of their master, as fresh
and beautiful as the day it was painted. On the floor was a dead man, "a
withered, wrinkled, and loathsome man," with a knife in his heart. Only
the rings on his fingers revealed his identify. It was Dorian Gray, who,
in a miscarried struggle to kill his conscience, had killed himself.
Commentary
In The Picture of Dorian Gray, Wilde produced
a work very typical of the mood of the period as well as of his own personal
love of paradox.
Himself an accomplished painter, Wilde
took the theme of his book from a real-life event similar to the opening
of the story. As Wilde finished the portrait of a "radiant lad," his close
friend, Basil Hallward, wished aloud, "How delightful it would be if the
youth could remain exactly as he is, while the portrait aged and withered
in his stead." The Faustian motif of the novel - the willingness to sell
one's soul to the Devil for worldly vanity - unfolded from this idle comment,
together with the bizarre imagination of a brooding artist.
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